Event Preview

Cadet Men’s Saber (CDTMS)

Junior OlympicsSunday, February 18, 2024 at 8:00 AM

Back to tournament Register
Charlotte, NC
300 approved entrants 8 strength bands

Strength distribution

Finish Range Average Range
1 - 4 3434 3682 - 3269
5 - 8 3169 3242 - 3117
9 - 16 3072 3085 - 3048
17 - 32 2971 3049 - 2902
33 - 64 2779 2881 - 2679
65 - 128 2529 2742 - 2389
129 - 256 2124 2403 - 1787
257 - 300 1614 1867 - 1005

Registrations
1 Gonzalez, Emilio Scarsdale Fencing Center A24 3682 3418.34
2 Holz, Daniel Premier Fencing Academy A24 3454 3195.84
3 Atanassov, Vasil Oregon Fencing Alliance A23 3331 3068.59
4 Wang, Nicolas Fencing Academy Of Denver A23 3269 3011.85
5 Lim, William Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) A23 3242 2988.17
6 Babayev, Gabriel Stamford Fencing Center, LLC A24 3165 2911.13
7 Oh, Triton Scarsdale Fencing Center B23 3151 2893.62
8 Kwalwasser, Eric Stamford Fencing Center, LLC A23 3117 2862.36
9 Miclaus, Justin Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy A23 3085 2832.74
10 Shoman, Zachary Manhattan Fencing Center A24 3075 2825.52
11 Shoman, Noah Manhattan Fencing Center A24 3074 2825.28
12 Primus, Nazir Peter Westbrook Foundation B24 3078 2823.63
13 Anthony, Devyn Peter Westbrook Foundation C24 3077 2822.15
14 Huang, Alex Lilov Fencing Academy B24 3081 2819.14
15 KIM, ELIJAH Globus Fencing Academy C24 3060 2807.96
16 Joo, Jeein South Bay Fencing Academy B24 3048 2798.00
17 Li, Howard LA Fencing Academy of Pomona B23 3049 2783.52
18 Cheong, Heonjun Frisco Fencing Academy B23 3034 2780.07
19 Guffey, Christopher Globus Fencing Academy C23 3014 2761.94
20 SHIRPAL, Oleksandr Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. A23 3018 2761.35
21 Ermakov, Semeon Fencing Academy Of Denver B23 2996 2742.68
22 Ng, Jonathan Durkan Fencing Academy C23 2996 2741.24
23 Bae, Jason Boston Fencing Club A24 2992 2739.76
24 Ren, James Globus Fencing Academy B23 2966 2714.26
25 Ye, Eric Alpha Fencing Academy C23 2973 2707.67
26 chon, Collin Globus Fencing Academy B23 2954 2701.72
27 Kim, Ethan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B23 2952 2698.00
28 Lee, Aydan Nazlymov Fencing Foundation A23 2948 2695.24
29 Qiu, Nathan Spartak B23 2913 2660.86
30 Su, Landon Miracle Fencing Club A23 2922 2660.73
31 Lin, Daniel Premier Fencing Academy B23 2903 2652.54
32 Lee, Noah San Diego Fencing Center C23 2902 2647.60
33 Vaid, Luke Nellya Fencers B23 2881 2630.63
34 McCarthy, Gabriel Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B23 2875 2622.59
35 Miyasaki-Castro, Masanobu South Bay Fencing Academy B23 2870 2617.52
36 Chung, Connor Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B23 2846 2595.62
37 Lin, Maxim International Fencing Club B23 2837 2585.86
38 Peng, Bryan Boston Fencing Club A23 2837 2583.01
39 Zhang, Derek Sigma Fencing Academy B24 2825 2571.35
40 Bonifield, Arthur Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) B23 2826 2570.93
41 Zeng, Noah Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy B23 2819 2568.66
42 Patel, Rayn Capital Fencing Academy B23 2818 2562.57
43 Hu, Christopher Bergen Fencing Club B23 2807 2556.77
44 Kushkov, Daniel Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. B23 2805 2552.28
45 Chterental, Alex Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. B23 2803 2551.52
46 Pastore Liu, Vince Spartak C23 2798 2547.93
47 Yan, William Nazlymov Fencing Foundation C24 2804 2547.28
48 Pi, Alexander PDX Fencing B22 2798 2540.68
49 Patil, Aaryan Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) A23 2787 2538.19
50 Skarbonkiewicz, Maksymilian Oregon Fencing Alliance B23 2791 2537.79
51 Craig, Samuel Globus Fencing Academy B23 2783 2527.94
52 Kilari, Krish Fencing Academy Of Denver A23 2777 2521.34
53 Turck, Caspar Lilov Fencing Academy C23 2770 2491.42
54 Hwang, Jayden LA Fencing Academy of Pomona B23 2733 2482.88
55 Tao, Jeffrey Spartak B22 2729 2479.31
56 Zhao, Lucas Platinum Fencing Academy C24 2721 2468.07
57 Sturn, Oliver Oregon Fencing Alliance B22 2728 2463.83
58 Munguia, Nathan LA Fencing Academy of Pomona C23 2708 2457.77
59 Mehan, Nicholas Stamford Fencing Center, LLC B23 2713 2456.72
60 Wang, Daniel Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. C23 2697 2447.50
61 Bosita, Carson Globus Fencing Academy C24 2704 2447.06
62 Kalpathy, Rohit Globus Fencing Academy C23 2685 2434.54
63 Wang, Zhuoyi LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D24 2679 2426.95
64 Aks, Ari RedStar Fencing Club Chicago C23 2689 2422.73
65 Andres, Michael Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) D23 2669 2415.29
66 Kim, Kendrick Midwest Fencing Club D24 2647 2396.89
67 Zhao, Zhiyu Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) D23 2640 2388.25
68 Sahay, Kenji Stamford Fencing Center, LLC A23 2659 2385.50
69 POFF, Kainoa Premier Fencing Academy C23 2614 2361.64
70 Byon, Adrian Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) B23 2611 2358.79
71 Kroon, Lucas South Bay Fencing Academy D23 2602 2353.34
72 Gonzalez, Jake Globus Fencing Academy C24 2606 2347.81
73 Byon, Julian Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C23 2601 2347.56
74 Chow, William Laguna Fencing Center D24 2598 2343.69
75 Cook, Cole Laguna Fencing Center D23 2624 2341.88
76 Hernandez, Stanton Midwest Fencing Club C24 2601 2337.34
77 Mattoo, Deven Fencers Club Inc. C23 2588 2330.44
78 Yang, Dylan Premier Fencing Academy C23 2572 2322.23
79 Kumar, Sachit Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C23 2581 2322.18
80 Li, Yiwei LA Fencing Academy of Pomona C24 2574 2321.92
81 Liu, Kevin Bergen Fencing Club C23 2571 2321.06
82 Luhan, Zachary Oregon Fencing Alliance C24 2580 2319.76
83 Gong, Jerry International Fencing Club C23 2568 2316.72
84 Pinto, Marcus Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D23 2563 2312.76
85 Siddiqui, Shayan Renaissance Fencing Club C24 2565 2307.45
86 Horne, Jamison Kansas City Fencing Center E24 2742 2306.31
87 Dalal, Rohan Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA B23 2598 2304.87
88 So, Preston Nellya Fencers C24 2549 2299.53
89 Anand, Rohan Nellya Fencers B23 2551 2297.57
90 Deck, Tyson Forge Fencing Teams C23 2545 2292.31
91 Liu, Victor Sigma Fencing Academy E23 2544 2291.29
92 Downey, Baran Manhattan Fencing Center D23 2555 2287.83
93 Ramanan, Jaisimh Cardinal Fencing Club C23 2538 2286.90
94 Gerstmann, Max Columbus Fencing And Fitness LLC C23 2538 2282.70
95 Carrington, William Cobra Fencing Club LLC E23 2525 2270.08
96 Sowers, Samuel Spartak C23 2532 2269.59
97 Clark, Aram Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E24 2512 2262.80
98 Rady-Pentek, Charles Southwest Florida Fencing Academy B23 2525 2261.78
99 Shankwiler, Christopher Nellya Fencers C23 2511 2258.70
100 Wang, Justin Alpha Fencing Academy C23 2509 2256.18
101 Holz, Lucas Premier Fencing Academy D23 2500 2250.32
102 Chen, Jonathan Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy D24 2496 2245.93
103 Katz, Ryan Stamford Fencing Center, LLC C23 2496 2244.78
104 Ngo, Maximus LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D24 2491 2239.23
105 Hao, Anwen Cardinal Fencing Club C23 2510 2235.44
106 Zhang, Ethan Sigma Fencing Academy C21 2494 2234.62
107 Yerramilli, Tejas Salle Auriol Seattle C23 2493 2234.37
108 Huang, Alexander Manhattan Fencing Center D24 2487 2231.22
109 DenBroeder, Ronald (Mackie) Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA C23 2505 2226.47
110 Ramanan, Govind Cardinal Fencing Club A23 2476 2222.22
111 Sugiura, Samuel Tim Morehouse Fencing Club C24 2466 2217.82
112 Wong, Lucas Premier Fencing Academy E24 2466 2214.81
113 Wang, William Midwest Fencing Club C24 2466 2210.22
114 Sturgeon, Cole Oregon Fencing Alliance E23 2450 2194.67
115 Suba, Lucas Peter Westbrook Foundation E23 2444 2194.22
116 Wang, Max Midwest Fencing Club D23 2447 2193.05
117 Hublall, Ethan Globus Fencing Academy D24 2453 2189.70
118 Meyerson, Jacob International Fencing Club D23 2445 2189.67
119 Brandt, Jaden Stamford Fencing Center, LLC B23 2444 2187.98
120 Ye, Ivan Alpha Fencing Academy E23 2477 2184.06
121 Mattoo, Surya Fencers Club Inc. C23 2471 2183.76
122 Barrios, Diego South Bay Fencing Academy C23 2456 2172.28
123 Oh, Aster Scarsdale Fencing Center E24 2420 2170.07
124 Yan, Kevin Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C23 2417 2158.75
125 Brimmer, Robert (Trey) Las Vegas Fencing Academy U 2406 2153.61
126 Guan, Dennis Nellya Fencers D23 2439 2150.27
127 Varoqua, Nalby Lilov Fencing Academy C24 2445 2143.31
128 Shipitsin, Alexander Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. C23 2389 2133.26
129 Hotha, Nikhil Nazlymov Fencing Foundation C24 2403 2128.29
130 Contractor, Cyrus Phoenix Fencing Academy D23 2384 2127.48
131 Kang, Evan Halberstadt Fencers' Club C23 2371 2120.39
132 Nguyen, Anthony Stamford Fencing Center, LLC C23 2373 2120.07
133 Porter, Dupree Scarsdale Fencing Center U 2373 2118.25
134 Yadav, Lakshya Unattached D24 2379 2115.62
135 Waxler, Ryan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2363 2107.94
136 Bollu, Viren Globus Fencing Academy E24 2356 2104.41
137 Lin, Felix Miracle Fencing Club C23 2361 2103.87
138 Lee, Andrew Manhattan Fencing Center D23 2354 2101.40
139 Goldin, Lucca Salle Auriol Seattle C24 2352 2099.46
140 Alave, Kyle Cobra Fencing Club LLC E23 2351 2099.33
141 Gurevich, Benjamin Alle Fencing Club C23 2348 2096.49
142 Dumoulin, Gabriel Candlewood Fencing Center C24 2382 2094.68
143 Yap, Kah Kai (Cayden) Halberstadt Fencers' Club C23 2338 2089.63
144 Francois, Alexander Tim Morehouse Fencing Club C24 2364 2086.59
145 Lin, Philip Scarsdale Fencing Center E24 2332 2083.85
146 Tsao, Oliver Manhattan Fencing Center C24 2334 2080.77
147 Burke, Sam Denver Fencing Center E23 2350 2054.59
148 MAHAPATRA, SAMARTH Nellya Fencers C23 2340 2054.26
149 Chabenat, Guillaume Fencing Academy Of Denver D23 2330 2048.89
150 Jensby, Jason Nova Fencing Club D24 2295 2023.43
151 LeSueur, Luke Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) D23 2306 2021.57
152 Eybelman, Ariel Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. B23 2281 2021.42
153 Gremillion, Obadiah Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C23 2270 2017.97
154 Tiagi, George Alle Fencing Club C24 2271 2013.11
155 Vaughn, Jason Sigma Fencing Academy E23 2290 2010.94
156 Hung, Samuel Alle Fencing Club C23 2264 2007.21
157 Aydogdu, Hakan Durkan Fencing Academy E23 2294 2006.77
158 McDonald, Finn Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA U 2250 1998.55
159 Crain, Bennett Forge Fencing Teams E23 2260 1994.24
160 Shinchuk, Daniel Boston Fencing Club D22 2242 1988.16
161 Vedre, Neil Texas Sabre Academy D23 2231 1981.15
162 Zhou, William Globus Fencing Academy D23 2239 1980.07
163 Uemoto, Ken Durkan Fencing Academy D23 2278 1979.26
164 Fox, Gavin Fencing Academy Of Denver B23 2239 1962.15
165 Atwood, Griffin Zeta Fencing D23 2215 1961.81
166 Sassi, Ilyas Zeta Fencing E23 2210 1953.79
167 Chan, Henry Cardinal Fencing Club D23 2202 1950.13
168 Choksi, Vihaan Scarsdale Fencing Center C23 2287 1950.03
169 Notopradono, Nicholas Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy D23 2188 1938.30
170 Gauvey, Kieran DC Fencers Club E23 2215 1935.45
171 ZHENG, LEON Bergen Fencing Club D23 2192 1932.08
172 Fang, Eason Sigma Fencing Academy C23 2179 1928.26
173 Radjabli, Maximillian Spartak E23 2238 1926.84
174 Sammi, Mukul Oregon Fencing Alliance D23 2208 1925.41
175 Clark, Gabriel Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D23 2182 1923.72
176 Hall, Noah Triple Threat Fencing Academy C23 2167 1912.87
177 Sadhu, Neiyam Platinum Fencing Academy E24 2160 1911.01
178 Feng, Brendan Miracle Fencing Club E23 2162 1908.28
179 Huang, Maxwell Manhattan Fencing Center D23 2162 1905.97
180 Boulais, Andrew Rochester Fencing Club D23 2186 1904.80
181 Liu, Aaron Nellya Fencers E23 2158 1900.92
182 Li, Seth Cardinal Fencing Club E23 2240 1897.63
183 Prieur, Christian Scarsdale Fencing Center U 2157 1889.94
184 Gong, Gavin Sigma Fencing Academy D23 2143 1883.22
185 Zhou, James Frisco Fencing Academy D24 2144 1882.58
186 Kim, Theodore Manhattan Fencing Center D23 2156 1882.21
187 Ryan, Kai Mission Fencing Center D23 2155 1867.97
188 Harrington, Connor Alle Fencing Club D24 2142 1854.73
189 Weinberg, Harry Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) E24 2166 1850.73
190 Yu, Casey San Diego Fencing Center E24 2111 1842.81
191 Ko, Zuriel Globus Fencing Academy C24 2101 1840.92
192 Deely, Hartigan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2111 1840.31
193 Wagner, Elijah RedStar Fencing Club Chicago D23 2122 1839.52
194 Cusumano, Neal Mission Fencing Center D23 2133 1836.75
195 Venu, Ram Salle Auriol Seattle C22 2103 1832.90
196 Ramtekkar, Soham Cardinal Fencing Club D23 2089 1829.40
197 Parkila, Lukas Renaissance Fencing Club D24 2078 1826.67
198 Parcell, Colby Miracle Fencing Club U 2092 1820.14
199 Wong, Caleb Integrity Fencing Studio E23 2070 1818.90
200 Lim, Brandon Allegro Fencing Center D23 2080 1817.73
201 Ho, Anson Premier Fencing Academy D23 2061 1807.45
202 Kessler, Nathan Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. D23 2117 1801.75
203 Wang, Michael Cardinal Fencing Club E24 2257 1794.23
204 Witczak, Mateus Stamford Fencing Center, LLC E23 2041 1787.13
205 Swift, Owen Shoreline Fencers Club E24 2055 1781.69
206 Zeng, Vito Spartak U 2058 1777.32
207 Ferguson, Constantine Fencing Academy Of Denver C23 2061 1774.64
208 Sun, Ziyao Forge Fencing Teams D23 2082 1771.58
209 Bechtel, Trent Kansas City Fencing Center E24 2272 1766.83
210 Tung, Ryan Premier Fencing Academy D23 2026 1762.77
211 Salman, Hamzah Globus Fencing Academy E24 2025 1762.20
212 Xu, Ivan Miracle Fencing Club D23 2026 1762.01
213 Dolev, Ido PDX Fencing E23 2048 1760.20
214 herrera, aragon Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) D23 2057 1757.81
215 Kotvali, Aneesh Frisco Fencing Academy U 2010 1737.49
216 Manescu, Miron Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy E23 2030 1737.24
217 Jhaveri, Rajan Evanston Township High School U 2110 1734.98
218 munjuluri, ruhaan Durkan Fencing Academy E23 2080 1727.24
219 Jones, Elijah Peter Westbrook Foundation E23 2069 1716.53
220 Meade, Liam Texas Sabre Academy E24 1970 1714.17
221 Ho, Jacob Rochester Fencing Club D23 2005 1709.08
222 Wei, William Allegro Fencing Center U 2026 1708.19
223 Gurevich, Savely Alle Fencing Club D24 1989 1694.43
224 Mendoza, Christian Fencing Academy Of Denver C23 1975 1676.83
225 Yu, Kevin San Diego Fencing Center E24 1996 1675.72
226 Thomas, Texas Fencing Academy Of Denver D23 1996 1669.75
227 LIU, ERIC Boston Fencing Club U 1936 1668.32
228 Counts, Nicholas Fencing Academy Of Boston E23 1942 1663.92
229 Cobian, Richard West Coast Fencing Academy U 1925 1663.16
230 Mungovan, Matthew International Fencing Club D23 1959 1661.95
231 Dawson-Teece, Powell Fencing Academy Of Denver D24 1931 1658.71
232 Zlatinski, Jason Globus Fencing Academy D23 1926 1651.32
233 Kogan, Yelisey Lilov Fencing Academy D23 1953 1650.22
234 Power, Alex Integrity Fencing Studio D23 1989 1646.56
235 Breuer, Daniel Nazlymov Fencing Foundation E24 1905 1630.00
236 Simmons, John Fencing Academy Of Boston U 1971 1627.20
237 Autrey, Adrien Oregon Fencing Alliance E23 1910 1624.03
238 Montalvo, Emmeric Alpha Fencing Academy E22 1957 1599.92
239 Rehm, Liam Nazlymov Fencing Foundation E23 1897 1599.03
240 Rosado, Sebastian Peter Westbrook Foundation U 1927 1598.98
241 Wasco, Andrew Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1866 1587.58
242 Vo, Landon Premier Fencing Academy U 1853 1583.44
243 Perry, Gwydion Renaissance Fencing Club E24 1861 1577.35
244 Benson, Jacob Nova Fencing Club E24 1891 1570.02
245 Ross, Dash United Fencers of Oakland U 2006 1554.82
246 Slep, Solomon Forge Fencing Teams E23 1934 1543.60
247 Sarwahi, Viraat Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1836 1540.59
248 Tsao, Alister Shoreline Fencers Club E24 1807 1538.75
249 Wang, HongXi South Bay Fencing Academy U 1818 1537.30
250 Almeda, Stanislav Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 1887 1531.36
251 Tan, Ryan Cardinal Fencing Club E24 1806 1521.77
252 Park, Gavin Parkway Fencing Club U 2029 1501.82
253 Poleyumptewa, Connor Phoenix Fencing Academy E23 1864 1498.35
254 Hong, Aidan West Coast Fencing Academy U 1798 1498.22
255 Ligh, Checed Manhattan Fencing Center U 1787 1481.69
256 Herr, Gabriele Bergen Fencing Club U 1999 1480.52
257 He, Bowen Manhattan Fencing Center E23 1789 1478.82
258 Fruth, Evan Forge Fencing Teams E23 1771 1446.35
259 Schimel, Luke Hills Fencing Institute E23 1760 1443.53
260 Barrows, Hunter Midwest Fencing Club E24 1711 1442.81
261 Leigh, Edward Laguna Fencing Center U 1747 1434.74
262 Gogna, Rehan Salle Auriol Seattle E23 1792 1425.51
263 Margulis, Jared Scarsdale Fencing Center U 1680 1396.49
264 Kusanagi, Soshi Sigma Fencing Academy U 1770 1376.38
265 O'Loughlin, Quinlan Rochester Fencing Club D23 1702 1362.76
266 Narut, Oscar Lincoln Square Fencing E23 1671 1358.87
267 Tureck, Nathan Capital Fencing Academy U 1867 1356.61
268 Strucker, Rocco Capital Fencing Academy U 1678 1349.66
269 Ramani, Ari Renaissance Fencing Club U 1649 1331.45
270 Lee, Anderson Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy E23 1692 1324.20
271 Lin, Lucas Globus Fencing Academy D24 1681 1312.18
272 Szulim, Lucjan Capital Fencing Academy U 1679 1303.03
273 Silva, Joaquin Phoenix Fencing Academy E23 1698 1300.31
274 Fayette, Julien Oregon Fencing Alliance U 1662 1294.39
275 Buck, Maximilian Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1826 1288.50
276 Lichterman, Jakub Capital Fencing Academy U 1692 1251.42
277 Lichterman, Jakub Capital Fencing Academy U 1692 1251.42
278 Jiang, Terence Platinum Fencing Academy E23 1559 1245.61
279 Rojas, Alejandro Joaquin Fencing Academy Of Denver E24 1538 1240.49
280 Nguyen, Dylan Spartak D24 1626 1217.82
281 Lieu, Nicholas Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia U 1528 1203.09
282 Freilich, Harrison Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia North U 1534 1179.64
283 Chua, Jared Cardinal Fencing Club U 1688 1167.69
284 Tsatsas, Andreas Sheridan Fencing Academy U 1853 1159.14
285 Cauthron, Oliver Fencing Academy Of Denver E23 1523 1147.39
286 Lee, Thomas Nova Fencing Club U 1588 1138.00
287 Allen-Bruns, Ryder Denver Fencing Center E24 1605 1137.63
288 Seelman, Cole Spartak U 1439 1130.45
289 Gingery, Julian Boston Fencing Club U 1677 1049.80
290 Hong, Arick West Coast Fencing Academy U 1352 1043.81
291 Hausler, Jayden Hills Fencing Institute E23 1323 1008.65
292 Seethamraju, Pranay Frisco Fencing Academy U 1424 969.40
293 Carattini, Chase Florida Fencing Academy E24 1697 746.15
294 Rivera, Rakesh US Sabre Academy U 1478 729.29
295 Ravoor, Sahas Renaissance Fencing Club U 1116 548.75
296 Gilmartin, Colin Marin Fencing Academy LLC U 1781 524.90
297 Hosad, Shubh Unattached U 1634 491.41
298 Komeravelli, Rushil Memphis University School Fencing Team U 1640 389.79
299 Williams, Eric Caddo Magnet Fencing Club U 1005 < 0
300 Jurkech, Jacob Wallingford-Swarthmore Panthers U 1203 < 0

Rank is based on the conservative estimate, `mu - 3*sigma`, rather than raw strength alone. Newer or less-certain fencers can still appear lower than someone with a similar average but tighter confidence.