Event Preview

Youth 14 Men’s Saber (Y14MS)

National Championships and July Challenge (Summer Nationals)Thursday, July 3, 2025 at 8:00 AM

Back to tournament Register
Baird Center · Milwaukee, WI
309 approved entrants 8 strength bands

Strength distribution

Finish Range Average Range
1 - 4 2992 3092 - 2855
5 - 8 2695 2751 - 2627
9 - 16 2568 2628 - 2522
17 - 32 2461 2512 - 2402
33 - 64 2316 2439 - 2226
65 - 128 2101 2222 - 1985
129 - 256 1824 2017 - 1572
257 - 309 1360 1816 - 652

Registrations
1 Tse, Aiden J Premier Fencing Academy A25 3092 2837.62
2 Li, Howard Eagle Blade Fencers Club A24 3061 2795.10
3 Ng, Jonathan Durkan Fencing Academy A25 2961 2707.96
4 Kovalev, Daniil West Coast Fencing Academy B25 2855 2598.96
5 Chambers, Miles Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B24 2751 2487.65
6 Hwang, Jayden LA Fencing Academy of Pomona A24 2734 2483.07
7 Andres, Michael Cali Fencing B24 2669 2416.55
8 Yang, Phillip South Bay Fencing Academy B25 2627 2375.46
9 Wei, Rian Capital Fencing Academy B25 2628 2373.08
10 Cricol, Damian Premier Fencing Academy C25 2603 2336.67
11 Sanchez, Jacob San Diego Fencing Center B25 2590 2331.19
12 Kang, Matthew Premier Fencing Academy B25 2577 2328.66
13 Tani, Tino Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C25 2565 2310.65
14 Zhao, Royce Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2537 2285.31
15 Liu, Victor Sigma Fencing Academy D25 2522 2270.61
16 Khanna, Adamantis Boston Fencing Club D25 2525 2263.46
17 Clark, Aram Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2512 2262.87
18 Kitson, Chase Globus Fencing Academy B25 2508 2257.07
19 Biviji, Ali Cobra Fencing Club LLC C25 2510 2256.49
20 Li, Ayden Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C25 2496 2247.30
21 Lucas, William Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2492 2242.25
22 Dominique, Remson Escrimeur Fencers Club B25 2478 2226.79
23 Nardini, Nathanael Cobra Fencing Club LLC B25 2473 2222.57
24 Gu, Andrew LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D25 2476 2220.93
25 Im, Tyler Spartak C25 2454 2198.22
26 Luc, Cedric Eagle Blade Fencers Club C25 2452 2197.19
27 Isayenko, Daniel Manhattan Fencing Center U 2451 2187.19
28 Kang, Jeremy Premier Fencing Academy E25 2430 2176.43
29 Yook, Isaac Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B24 2420 2169.67
30 Brimmer, Robert (Trey) Las Vegas Fencing Academy D25 2412 2159.45
31 Oh, Aster Scarsdale Fencing Center B25 2409 2158.73
32 Dai, Zihou Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2402 2154.80
33 Kozlov, Lucas Manhattan Fencing Center U 2407 2153.00
34 Greenstein, Viktor LA International Fencing D25 2403 2147.65
35 Li, Yidong Laguna Fencing Center C25 2389 2140.65
36 Cao, Donald West Coast Fencing Academy C25 2388 2136.44
37 Grigoriev, Roman Premier Fencing Academy D25 2390 2131.22
38 Srivats, Vedh Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D24 2368 2114.60
39 Bollu, Viren Globus Fencing Academy C24 2357 2106.75
40 Zhang, Kaixuan Globus Fencing Academy B25 2354 2104.35
41 Lee, Brian West Coast Fencing Academy D25 2350 2097.34
42 Gurevich, Benjamin Alle Fencing Club C24 2348 2096.50
43 Bai, Evan Aura Fencing Academy C24 2343 2094.02
44 Huchwajda, Alex Research Triangle Fencing C25 2439 2087.50
45 YU, BOWEN Lone Star Fencing Center C25 2331 2077.47
46 Wong, Max Manhattan Fencing Center B25 2334 2074.61
47 Li, Huangziyue Globus Fencing Academy D25 2325 2073.76
48 Karavas, Nicholas Fencing Academy Of Boston D25 2314 2065.68
49 Wang, Tiger Eagle Blade Fencers Club D23 2315 2062.76
50 Iyer, Neil Halberstadt Fencers' Club C25 2307 2059.19
51 Ji, Johnson American Institute Of Fencing C25 2303 2052.28
52 Lee, Nathan Uju Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) D25 2306 2051.84
53 Burgess, Beckham Athens Fencing Club B25 2313 2048.42
54 Agarwaal, Yohan Cobra Fencing Club LLC E25 2286 2035.15
55 Henry, Cadel Forge Fencing Teams DUR D24 2274 2013.75
56 Koren, George Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 2260 2005.70
57 McDonald, Finn Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA C25 2250 1998.59
58 Anand, Rishab Nellya Fencers E24 2248 1995.05
59 Rinaldi, Savio Capital Fencing Academy C25 2237 1985.69
60 Dooley, Atticus Spartak D25 2247 1985.33
61 Wang, Alex Globus Fencing Academy D25 2232 1984.27
62 Vo, Blake Premier Fencing Academy E25 2237 1980.30
63 Novosyolok, Zachary Cobra Fencing Club LLC E24 2232 1975.93
64 Levy, Daniel Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 2226 1973.94
65 Miao, Heqi Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy E25 2218 1966.60
66 Sassi, Ilyas International Fencing Club C24 2222 1964.86
67 Xiao, Brayden West Coast Fencing Academy E25 2209 1956.22
68 Beland, Riley James "RJ" American Institute Of Fencing E25 2210 1954.69
69 Chan, Henry San Francisco Sabre School D25 2199 1947.54
70 Chang, Ethan Nazlymov Fencing Foundation D25 2192 1937.94
71 Lim Juwana, Maximilian Manhattan Fencing Center U 2184 1934.87
72 Wong, David Premier Fencing Academy D25 2188 1930.55
73 Siddamshetty, Ishaan Globus Fencing Academy D25 2183 1923.78
74 Hwang, Hagan LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D24 2170 1917.89
75 Kaul, Ishaan Nellya Fencers U 2181 1917.62
76 Lee, Brady Globus Fencing Academy C24 2168 1916.17
77 Beal, Colton Manhattan Fencing Center U 2171 1915.80
78 Sadhu, Neiyam Aura Fencing Academy C25 2160 1911.03
79 Liu, Aaron Nellya Fencers D24 2166 1908.96
80 Feng, Brendan Miracle Fencing Club C25 2162 1908.30
81 Johnson, Leland DC Fencers Club E25 2186 1905.79
82 Saldarini, Glenn Cobra Fencing Club LLC D25 2158 1901.93
83 HAHN, EVER Manhattan Fencing Center U 2165 1894.52
84 Song, Aidan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2143 1894.13
85 Li, Michael Premier Fencing Club U 2159 1878.08
86 Wang, Theodore Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 2136 1875.21
87 Suh, Leo Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2116 1866.44
88 Zwaka, Jonas Sheridan Fencing Academy E25 2116 1860.46
89 Slavnov, Anton Capital Fencing Academy E25 2110 1857.16
90 Liang, Morgan Long Island Fencing Center U 2104 1847.47
91 Wong, Mac Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2135 1841.35
92 Kania, Alexander Midwest Fencing Club E24 2087 1833.94
93 Tang, Morgan Halberstadt Fencers' Club E25 2084 1831.89
94 Lamtan, Christoffer Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2079 1830.38
95 Mermegas, Alexander Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2086 1830.34
96 Yu, Ian Lone Star Fencing Center D25 2085 1828.93
97 Minasian, Mason Spartak U 2086 1824.98
98 Hu, Harry Nellya Fencers E23 2079 1819.75
99 Ong, Dylan International Fencing Club C25 2066 1814.17
100 Wong, Reagan Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2079 1813.28
101 Wang, Edward Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. E25 2081 1812.41
102 Briseno, Ethan Nellya Fencers U 2097 1809.24
103 Lin, Brendan Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 2059 1805.82
104 ChenHe, YuHan RedStar Fencing Club Chicago C25 2097 1802.24
105 Zhu, Matthew Midwest Fencing Club D25 2087 1796.82
106 Nambiar, Navin Globus Fencing Academy C25 2053 1795.78
107 Perrin, Leo Nazlymov Fencing Foundation E25 2074 1792.98
108 Chen, Cooper West Coast Fencing Academy E25 2039 1784.77
109 Nair, Sujit Salle Auriol Seattle D25 2056 1783.62
110 Lin, Alex Globus Fencing Academy E25 2038 1777.94
111 Crawford, William Zeta Fencing E25 2042 1774.21
112 Bosita, Brennan Globus Fencing Academy D25 2029 1773.88
113 Orie, Sohan Sheridan Fencing Academy U 2079 1773.87
114 Shapiro, Leo Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2020 1772.40
115 CAO, HAOTIAN Alpha Fencing Academy U 2030 1766.65
116 Badmus, Joshua Capital Fencing Academy U 2030 1766.04
117 Loo, Jason Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2018 1763.89
118 Mele, Gianni Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 2052 1763.86
119 Salman, Hamzah Globus Fencing Academy C25 2025 1762.21
120 Brooks, Theo Capital Fencing Academy U 2026 1761.03
121 Levy, Jack Sheridan Fencing Academy U 2091 1757.50
122 Ferris Jr., Michael PDX Fencing E25 2059 1753.08
123 Liu, Ethan Nellya Fencers E25 2041 1752.96
124 Wong, Ron LA Fencing Academy of Pomona E24 2008 1749.18
125 Hao, Johnny Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) U 2004 1747.05
126 D'Amelj, Edoardo Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 1999 1745.74
127 Yuen, Caleb LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1985 1734.86
128 Barenboym, Michael Sheridan Fencing Academy E25 1993 1731.41
129 Bekdjanov, Arthur Premier Fencing Academy E25 2001 1730.34
130 Kovachev, Martin West Coast Fencing Academy C25 1992 1725.28
131 Lin, Patrick Midwest Fencing Club E25 2004 1720.65
132 Brown, Andrew Spartak E25 1994 1714.91
133 Meade, Liam Texas Sabre Academy D24 1970 1714.25
134 Lau, Kyrus Aura Fencing Academy U 1966 1714.24
135 Yang, Justin Alpha Fencing Academy U 1988 1714.00
136 Avery, Marcus Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1960 1709.03
137 Srivatsav, Ishaan Cardinal Fencing Club E25 1971 1708.54
138 Sage, Nikolai Scarsdale Fencing Center C25 1999 1705.87
139 Martinson, Torm Manhattan Fencing Center U 1961 1704.08
140 Stolcke, Julian Manhattan Fencing Center U 1970 1703.41
141 Gordon, Samuel Zeta Fencing E25 1984 1697.78
142 Anumula, Aryan Halberstadt Fencers' Club D25 1964 1694.16
143 Liu, Ryan Manhattan Fencing Center E25 1946 1692.70
144 Ching, Grant US Sabre Academy U 2017 1690.06
145 Biviji, Adam Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 1948 1681.97
146 An, Chris (Siyoung) Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) U 1956 1679.96
147 Wu, Vincent Aura Fencing Academy U 1933 1679.23
148 Huang, Caleb Globus Fencing Academy E25 1984 1677.28
149 Chen, Shawn Globus Fencing Academy C25 1945 1675.99
150 Liu, Jayden Capital Fencing Academy U 1936 1675.21
151 Berkowitz, Gavin Allegro Fencing Center E23 1972 1672.04
152 ou, Rigel LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1937 1671.99
153 So, Morgan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1926 1668.15
154 ZHANG, KAIQI West Coast Fencing Academy E25 1920 1665.94
155 Mattoo, Dhruv Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 1946 1662.06
156 Taycher, Aaron Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 1923 1661.74
157 Gatto, Enzo Spartak U 1935 1654.45
158 Lee, Ryan Escrimeur Fencers Club U 1932 1654.12
159 Welstead, Nicholas Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. E23 1925 1650.22
160 Hristov, Nickolas Premier Fencing Academy U 1918 1647.93
161 Lorenz, Evan Candlewood Fencing Center D24 1918 1647.41
162 Bukzin, Alan Nova Fencing Club U 1924 1647.27
163 Tasikas, Peter Rochester Fencing Club U 1906 1644.68
164 Nayagam, Nishant Manhattan Fencing Center E24 1961 1634.72
165 Dostal, Maximilian Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 1903 1632.17
166 Wang, David Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1885 1625.98
167 Shankar, Rahm Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1882 1623.27
168 Paul, James Capital Fencing Academy E25 1891 1615.36
169 Liu, Guanyu Globus Fencing Academy D25 1880 1614.86
170 Li, Ryan Laguna Fencing Center U 1859 1607.85
171 Soules-ONo, Makoa Halberstadt Fencers' Club U 1900 1603.45
172 Liebowitz, Carson Manhattan Fencing Center D25 1855 1594.48
173 Holmes, Xavier Salle Auriol Seattle U 1846 1590.56
174 abada, lucca IndySabre U 1906 1588.61
175 Stys, Owen RedStar Fencing Club Chicago U 1869 1588.57
176 Chen, Kevin Globus Fencing Academy E25 1887 1587.50
177 Wang, James The Fencing Center U 1829 1580.74
178 Moon, Noah Fencing Sports Academy, Inc. U 1895 1576.83
179 Vu, Mark Bergen Fencing Club E25 1883 1575.42
180 Kim, Yusung Globus Fencing Academy D25 1847 1575.26
181 Mberia, Alexander Northwest Indiana Fencing Club E25 1866 1573.89
182 LIU, ERIC International Fencing Club U 1846 1573.16
183 Duff, Michael Globus Fencing Academy U 1824 1568.38
184 Losquadro, Joseph Mission Fencing Center E25 1844 1563.43
185 Naftali, Ori Midwest Fencing Club D25 1831 1562.06
186 Chavan, Aditya Unattached U 1817 1561.59
187 Chan, Troy Rebel Fencing Club U 1822 1560.64
188 Chang, Timothy Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 1816 1557.77
189 Chi, Everett West Coast Fencing Academy E25 1814 1553.06
190 Narayan, Rishi Manhattan Fencing Center U 1834 1552.51
191 Lu, Simon Lone Star Fencing Center U 1807 1549.14
192 Zhang, Aiden Sigma Fencing Academy E25 1836 1543.86
193 Liao, Sirui Miracle Fencing Club E25 1821 1539.73
194 Brooks, Drake Olympian Fencing Studio U 1793 1532.90
195 Titov, Zachary Stamford Fencing Center, LLC U 1791 1526.99
196 Sun, Eon West Coast Fencing Academy U 1801 1525.83
197 Chou, Qianhao Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1798 1522.33
198 Kim, Suin West Coast Fencing Academy U 1796 1521.31
199 Pak, Andrew Jacksonville Fencing Club D25 1820 1519.52
200 Qi, Jeremy West Coast Fencing Academy U 1779 1519.45
201 Kim, Enoch Laguna Fencing Center U 1797 1519.33
202 Chawla, Abhishek Capital Fencing Academy E25 1797 1505.75
203 Trzepla, Max Durkan Fencing Academy E25 1772 1500.42
204 Shapiro, Simon Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 1792 1498.45
205 Yphantides, Alexander San Diego Fencing Center U 1833 1497.41
206 Kuang, Cyrus Globus Fencing Academy U 1775 1497.24
207 Zhang, Lucas PDX Fencing E25 1809 1495.52
208 Sierra, Gregory Fence St. Louis E25 1832 1489.99
209 Favo, Christopher Alpha Fencing Academy U 1773 1487.35
210 Masaki, Alex Premier Fencing Academy E25 1874 1487.25
211 Lee, Shane Gunn Brooklyn Bridge Fencing Club U 1758 1478.11
212 Fischer, Noel Las Vegas Fencing Academy U 1740 1477.91
213 Winterset, Mason South Bay Fencing Academy E25 1754 1472.45
214 Liu, Yijin South Bay Fencing Academy D25 1726 1469.52
215 Brum, Charles West Coast Fencing Academy E24 1751 1466.11
216 Moulton, Andrew Washington Fencing Academy E25 1846 1464.54
217 Lyu, Tyler Sigma Fencing Academy E25 1766 1464.41
218 Javier, Xavier Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 1758 1464.31
219 Srivatsav, Anay Cardinal Fencing Club E25 1730 1460.94
220 Teng, Lucas LA International Fencing E25 1744 1445.71
221 Kang, Jayden Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1718 1445.57
222 Tallarico, Leonardo LA International Fencing U 1933 1444.71
223 Chen, Aaron LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1699 1444.56
224 Kane, Kiran Nova Fencing Club U 1789 1442.92
225 Chan, Ewan Aura Fencing Academy U 1688 1435.34
226 Howarth, Hayes International Fencing Club U 1710 1430.31
227 Pi, Edwin Spartak U 1755 1430.08
228 Irvine, Patrick The Fencing Center C24 1745 1428.88
229 Suba, Mason Peter Westbrook Foundation U 1734 1420.72
230 Clark, Brandon Renaissance Fencing Club E25 1706 1413.54
231 Zhang, Simon Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy U 1698 1412.13
232 Lin, Ethan Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1713 1411.27
233 Robinson, Ezra Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1685 1404.73
234 Zhang, Caleb Globus Fencing Academy U 1660 1404.45
235 Burenkov, Matthew Zeta Fencing U 1693 1401.89
236 Kamura, Kosei Globus Fencing Academy D25 1683 1397.43
237 Kauffman, Davian Salle Du Lion Fencing Center U 1796 1388.17
238 Evans, Alexander Miami Fencing Club U 1835 1387.37
239 Mannino, Miller Sigma Fencing Academy E24 1767 1387.05
240 Ho, Alden Premier Fencing Academy U 1709 1386.44
241 liu, Daniel San Diego Fencing Center E25 1635 1369.71
242 Yeazel, Colin Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1690 1368.33
243 Dayama, Ronak Escrimeur Fencers Club U 1676 1358.78
244 Polsani, Gaurav Nellya Fencers U 1734 1352.85
245 Padanilam, Thomas Nellya Fencers U 1728 1346.82
246 Woster, Matthew Texas Sabre Academy E25 1667 1330.13
247 Lee, Winston Laguna Fencing Center U 1655 1327.65
248 Lee, Damian Zeta Fencing E25 1639 1325.75
249 Gottschalk, Theodore United Fencers of Oakland U 1675 1323.09
250 Kohler, Vaughn Nellya Fencers U 1633 1321.84
251 Smith, Etienne PDX Fencing U 1619 1309.46
252 Kondogi, Saivarun Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1586 1304.18
253 Brooks, Isaac Capital Fencing Academy U 1588 1300.85
254 Ekambaram, Rithik San Diego Fencing Center U 1572 1299.67
255 Vish, Manyu Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA U 1597 1297.47
256 Yao, Zachary Sigma Fencing Academy D25 1654 1291.78
257 Moore, Blaise Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1694 1287.96
258 Pipke, Garrett Nova Fencing Club U 1571 1266.26
259 Wang, Xuren Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1598 1252.15
260 Nagrani, Jai US Sabre Academy U 1606 1251.72
261 Sun, Stephen Masters Fencing Academy NJ U 1551 1243.50
262 Na, Yuchan Zachary Washington Fencing Academy E24 1611 1243.28
263 Yang, Jake LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1554 1242.77
264 Guo, Jonathan South Bay Fencing Academy U 1485 1211.05
265 PADGETTE, BRODY LA International Fencing U 1816 1208.82
266 Valentine, Rhys Salle Auriol Seattle E25 1515 1204.90
267 Houpt, Lucas Scarsdale Fencing Center U 1683 1182.29
268 Freilich, Harrison Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia - North U 1534 1179.65
269 Young, Navin San Francisco Sabre School U 1580 1172.60
270 Huang, Anthony Bergen Fencing Club U 1532 1172.00
271 Tan, Daniel The Fencing Center U 1494 1161.56
272 Miller, Blake Columbus Fencing And Fitness LLC U 1599 1137.40
273 Leigh, Brayden Olympian Fencing Studio U 1431 1137.19
274 Moore, Greyson Halberstadt Fencers' Club U 1514 1116.50
275 Kuriyama, Marcus Durkan Fencing Academy U 1622 1112.75
276 Westmoreland-Brown, Cole Sacramento Saber Fencing LLC U 1457 1085.47
277 Oren, Daniel Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E24 1402 1085.41
278 Liebisch, Milo PDX Fencing U 1430 1082.62
279 Harford, Benjamin Salle Auriol Seattle U 1448 1060.14
280 Fugate, Logan San Diego Fencing Center U 1426 1046.61
281 Parikh, Saavn Frisco Fencing Academy U 1446 1045.77
282 Zheng, Lucas Allegro Fencing Center U 1521 1039.69
283 Cheung, Evan West Coast Fencing Academy U 1356 1009.99
284 Korzeniowski, Joseph Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia - North U 1795 1005.64
285 Ward, Carter Phoenix Fencing Academy D25 1291 930.43
286 Ravoor, Suvir Renaissance Fencing Club U 1337 925.91
287 Sochnikov, Jacob Zeta Fencing U 1357 923.20
288 Santiago, Roman U 1382 918.62
289 Menzies, Liam Zeta Fencing U 1300 899.87
290 Orlino, Samuel Premier Fencing Academy U 1302 859.11
291 Bradic, Andreja Spartak U 1195 849.72
292 Kim, Derek South Bay Fencing Academy U 1181 817.01
293 Herrera, Stefano Premier Fencing Academy U 1159 745.17
294 Wu, Garrick Premier Fencing Academy U 1218 733.79
295 Seth, Khalen Midwest Fencing Club U 1324 717.25
296 DeGuzman, Holden Bergen Fencing Club U 1336 713.97
297 Shen, Hudson West Coast Fencing Academy U 1270 703.78
298 Chidambaram, Nivedh Sabio Fencing Academy U 1042 670.15
299 Kim, Connor Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1084 635.46
300 Nguyen, Ethan West Coast Fencing Academy U 1033 613.11
301 Singh, Swaran Phoenix Fencing Academy U 1076 485.48
302 Zhang, Leaf Shoreline Fencers Club U 1224 479.43
303 Bhadlikar, Shaunak Globus Fencing Academy U 1193 460.96
304 Kang, Nathan Lone Star Fencing Center U 942 460.29
305 Heimov, Brennan Capital Fencing Academy U 1015 416.74
306 Huang, Jasper Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1318 392.55
307 Patel, Kiran Master Sabre Fencing Academy U 899 200.25
308 Pei, Kennedy Unattached U 652 < 0
309 Vu, Luke Bergen Fencing Club U 693 < 0

Rank is based on the conservative estimate, `mu - 3*sigma`, rather than raw strength alone. Newer or less-certain fencers can still appear lower than someone with a similar average but tighter confidence.