The future of US Fencing is at stake!

For transparency, fairness, and athlete support, VOTE FOR:
(1) Jason Liu and (2) Abdel Salem on May 13th!

Event Preview

Youth 14 Men’s Saber (Y14MS)

National Championships and July Challenge (Summer Nationals)Thursday, July 3, 2025 at 8:00 AM

Baird Center · Milwaukee, WI
309 approved entrants 8 strength bands

Strength distribution

Finish Range Average Range
1 - 4 3000 3092 - 2870
5 - 8 2705 2751 - 2634
9 - 16 2565 2615 - 2503
17 - 32 2445 2483 - 2405
33 - 64 2311 2439 - 2209
65 - 128 2099 2220 - 1998
129 - 256 1823 2018 - 1557
257 - 309 1358 1816 - 693

Registrations

1 Tse, Aiden J Premier Fencing Academy A25 3092 2837.54
2 Li, Howard Eagle Blade Fencers Club A24 3078 2813.43
3 Ng, Jonathan Durkan Fencing Academy A25 2961 2707.93
4 Kovalev, Daniil West Coast Fencing Academy B25 2870 2616.59
5 Chambers, Miles Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B24 2751 2487.55
6 Hwang, Jayden LA Fencing Academy of Pomona A24 2731 2481.40
7 Andres, Michael Cali Fencing B24 2705 2454.51
8 Wei, Rian Capital Fencing Academy B25 2634 2379.88
9 Yang, Phillip South Bay Fencing Academy B25 2615 2362.85
10 Sanchez, Jacob San Diego Fencing Center B25 2615 2355.51
11 Tani, Tino Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C25 2567 2312.80
12 Kang, Matthew Premier Fencing Academy B25 2560 2309.70
13 Cricol, Damian Premier Fencing Academy C25 2572 2301.12
14 Khanna, Adamantis Boston Fencing Club D25 2554 2292.13
15 Zhao, Royce Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2537 2285.23
16 Clark, Aram Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2503 2252.99
17 Li, Ayden Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) C25 2479 2229.31
18 Biviji, Ali Cobra Fencing Club LLC C25 2483 2227.78
19 Nardini, Nathanael Cobra Fencing Club LLC B25 2467 2215.12
20 Liu, Victor Sigma Fencing Academy D25 2468 2213.88
21 Lucas, William Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2461 2211.05
22 Gu, Andrew LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D25 2467 2207.22
23 Luc, Cedric Eagle Blade Fencers Club C25 2463 2205.34
24 Kitson, Chase Globus Fencing Academy B25 2457 2203.52
25 Dominique, Remson Escrimeur Fencers Club B25 2445 2193.38
26 Im, Tyler Spartak C25 2442 2182.54
27 Kang, Jeremy Premier Fencing Academy E25 2430 2175.24
28 Greenstein, Viktor LA International Fencing D25 2427 2171.60
29 Dai, Zihou Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2409 2160.22
30 Oh, Aster Scarsdale Fencing Center B25 2409 2158.66
31 Yook, Isaac Tim Morehouse Fencing Club B24 2405 2153.24
32 Isayenko, Daniel Manhattan Fencing Center U 2412 2150.93
33 Kozlov, Lucas Manhattan Fencing Center U 2402 2146.83
34 Brimmer, Robert (Trey) Las Vegas Fencing Academy D25 2396 2144.35
35 Grigoriev, Roman Premier Fencing Academy D25 2402 2141.27
36 Srivats, Vedh Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D24 2385 2131.71
37 Cao, Donald West Coast Fencing Academy C25 2376 2123.71
38 Bollu, Viren Globus Fencing Academy C24 2364 2113.02
39 Bai, Evan Aura Fencing Academy C24 2349 2099.25
40 Gurevich, Benjamin Alle Fencing Club C24 2348 2096.52
41 Karavas, Nicholas Fencing Academy Of Boston D25 2344 2094.07
42 Zhang, Kaixuan Globus Fencing Academy B25 2337 2087.55
43 Huchwajda, Alex Research Triangle Fencing C25 2439 2087.49
44 Li, Yidong Laguna Fencing Center C25 2334 2084.22
45 Burgess, Beckham Athens Fencing Club B25 2347 2081.02
46 YU, BOWEN Lone Star Fencing Center C25 2325 2072.22
47 Lee, Brian West Coast Fencing Academy D25 2323 2067.34
48 Wong, Max Manhattan Fencing Center B25 2327 2066.25
49 Ji, Johnson American Institute Of Fencing C25 2312 2060.57
50 Iyer, Neil Halberstadt Fencers' Club C25 2305 2056.71
51 Henry, Cadel Forge Fencing Teams DUR D24 2319 2055.62
52 Li, Huangziyue Globus Fencing Academy D25 2307 2053.51
53 Agarwaal, Yohan Cobra Fencing Club LLC E25 2286 2035.09
54 Rinaldi, Savio Capital Fencing Academy C25 2262 2010.91
55 Koren, George Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 2264 2009.92
56 Wang, Tiger Eagle Blade Fencers Club D23 2259 2004.97
57 McDonald, Finn Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA C25 2242 1991.75
58 Lee, Nathan Uju Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) D25 2249 1989.67
59 Anand, Rishab Nellya Fencers E24 2243 1989.58
60 Wang, Alex Globus Fencing Academy D25 2236 1988.24
61 Novosyolok, Zachary Cobra Fencing Club LLC E24 2237 1979.02
62 Miao, Heqi Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy E25 2217 1966.55
63 Sassi, Ilyas International Fencing Club C24 2222 1964.81
64 Chan, Henry San Francisco Sabre School D25 2209 1956.61
65 Dooley, Atticus Spartak D25 2220 1953.81
66 Levy, Daniel Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 2202 1948.43
67 Lee, Brady Globus Fencing Academy C24 2197 1943.97
68 Vo, Blake Premier Fencing Academy E25 2202 1940.98
69 Wong, David Premier Fencing Academy D25 2188 1930.35
70 Xiao, Brayden West Coast Fencing Academy E25 2183 1930.18
71 Chang, Ethan Nazlymov Fencing Foundation D25 2184 1928.37
72 Kaul, Ishaan Nellya Fencers U 2188 1925.67
73 Lim Juwana, Maximilian Manhattan Fencing Center U 2172 1923.02
74 Beal, Colton Manhattan Fencing Center U 2175 1920.37
75 Hwang, Hagan LA Fencing Academy of Pomona D24 2170 1917.56
76 Song, Aidan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2166 1915.87
77 Johnson, Leland DC Fencers Club E25 2195 1913.26
78 Siddamshetty, Ishaan Globus Fencing Academy D25 2174 1913.10
79 Beland, Riley James "RJ" American Institute Of Fencing E25 2170 1912.70
80 Liu, Aaron Nellya Fencers D24 2168 1910.22
81 Feng, Brendan Miracle Fencing Club C25 2162 1908.26
82 HAHN, EVER Manhattan Fencing Center U 2178 1903.32
83 Saldarini, Glenn Cobra Fencing Club LLC D25 2158 1901.89
84 Li, Michael Premier Fencing Club U 2159 1878.03
85 Sadhu, Neiyam Aura Fencing Academy C25 2117 1867.07
86 Liang, Morgan Long Island Fencing Center U 2121 1863.96
87 Zwaka, Jonas Sheridan Fencing Academy E25 2118 1862.62
88 Suh, Leo Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2112 1861.73
89 Slavnov, Anton Capital Fencing Academy E25 2111 1859.34
90 Wang, Theodore Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 2122 1858.41
91 Wong, Mac Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2135 1841.30
92 Tang, Morgan Halberstadt Fencers' Club E25 2092 1839.17
93 Mermegas, Alexander Tim Morehouse Fencing Club D25 2092 1836.36
94 Yu, Ian Lone Star Fencing Center D25 2085 1828.79
95 Kania, Alexander Midwest Fencing Club E24 2080 1827.78
96 Ong, Dylan International Fencing Club C25 2079 1827.18
97 Hu, Harry Nellya Fencers E23 2083 1824.33
98 Lamtan, Christoffer Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2063 1813.44
99 Wang, Edward Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. E25 2081 1812.30
100 Wong, Reagan Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2080 1812.26
101 Briseno, Ethan Nellya Fencers U 2097 1809.20
102 Perrin, Leo Nazlymov Fencing Foundation E25 2091 1808.77
103 Lin, Brendan Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 2060 1807.20
104 Nambiar, Navin Globus Fencing Academy C25 2061 1803.99
105 ChenHe, YuHan RedStar Fencing Club Chicago C25 2097 1802.20
106 Minasian, Mason Spartak U 2060 1796.03
107 Zhu, Matthew Midwest Fencing Club D25 2091 1795.02
108 Nair, Sujit Salle Auriol Seattle D25 2056 1783.52
109 Yuen, Caleb LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 2034 1782.78
110 Shapiro, Leo Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 2026 1778.50
111 Crawford, William Zeta Fencing E25 2042 1774.16
112 Bosita, Brennan Globus Fencing Academy D25 2024 1768.87
113 CAO, HAOTIAN Alpha Fencing Academy U 2030 1766.61
114 Badmus, Joshua Capital Fencing Academy U 2029 1765.94
115 Salman, Hamzah Globus Fencing Academy C25 2029 1765.29
116 Loo, Jason Manhattan Fencing Center D25 2018 1763.83
117 Ferris Jr., Michael PDX Fencing E25 2068 1759.18
118 Levy, Jack Sheridan Fencing Academy U 2090 1757.44
119 Lin, Alex Globus Fencing Academy E25 2017 1755.60
120 Brooks, Theo Capital Fencing Academy U 2023 1755.15
121 Hao, Johnny Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) U 2012 1754.73
122 Orie, Sohan Sheridan Fencing Academy U 2066 1753.67
123 Liu, Ethan Nellya Fencers E25 2043 1749.66
124 Kovachev, Martin West Coast Fencing Academy C25 2016 1749.43
125 Chen, Cooper West Coast Fencing Academy E25 2003 1747.46
126 D'Amelj, Edoardo Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 1998 1744.84
127 Wong, Ron LA Fencing Academy of Pomona E24 2000 1741.01
128 Bekdjanov, Arthur Premier Fencing Academy E25 2002 1729.12
129 Srivatsav, Ishaan Cardinal Fencing Club E25 1989 1725.89
130 Barenboym, Michael Sheridan Fencing Academy E25 1987 1724.38
131 Mele, Gianni Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 2018 1724.26
132 Lin, Patrick Midwest Fencing Club E25 2004 1720.62
133 Yang, Justin Alpha Fencing Academy U 1988 1713.93
134 Lau, Kyrus Aura Fencing Academy U 1964 1712.49
135 Meade, Liam Texas Sabre Academy D24 1969 1712.14
136 Avery, Marcus Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1960 1708.98
137 Sage, Nikolai Scarsdale Fencing Center C25 1999 1705.82
138 Martinson, Torm Manhattan Fencing Center U 1961 1704.04
139 Liu, Ryan Manhattan Fencing Center E25 1952 1698.29
140 Gordon, Samuel Zeta Fencing E25 1984 1697.64
141 Anumula, Aryan Halberstadt Fencers' Club D25 1964 1693.72
142 Ching, Grant US Sabre Academy U 2017 1690.01
143 Biviji, Adam Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 1948 1681.91
144 Wu, Vincent Aura Fencing Academy U 1935 1681.33
145 Brown, Andrew Spartak E25 1964 1679.95
146 So, Morgan Tim Morehouse Fencing Club U 1933 1675.10
147 Bukzin, Alan Nova Fencing Club U 1954 1674.40
148 Berkowitz, Gavin Allegro Fencing Center E23 1972 1671.99
149 ou, Rigel LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1937 1671.49
150 Mattoo, Dhruv Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 1956 1671.13
151 An, Chris (Siyoung) Southern California Fencing Academy (SOCALFA) U 1951 1670.48
152 Chen, Shawn Globus Fencing Academy C25 1939 1668.78
153 ZHANG, KAIQI West Coast Fencing Academy E25 1920 1665.79
154 Hristov, Nickolas Premier Fencing Academy U 1932 1662.35
155 Huang, Caleb Globus Fencing Academy E25 1973 1662.17
156 Taycher, Aaron Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 1923 1661.70
157 Lee, Ryan Escrimeur Fencers Club U 1938 1659.30
158 Tasikas, Peter Rochester Fencing Club U 1919 1657.19
159 Gatto, Enzo Spartak U 1941 1653.94
160 Welstead, Nicholas Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. E23 1925 1650.16
161 Dostal, Maximilian Cobra Fencing Club LLC U 1919 1647.43
162 Stolcke, Julian Manhattan Fencing Center U 1915 1645.18
163 Nayagam, Nishant Manhattan Fencing Center E24 1961 1634.67
164 Shankar, Rahm Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1891 1632.61
165 Lorenz, Evan Candlewood Fencing Center D24 1904 1631.27
166 Wang, David Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1885 1625.79
167 Liu, Jayden Capital Fencing Academy U 1884 1622.59
168 Liu, Guanyu Globus Fencing Academy D25 1887 1621.35
169 Li, Ryan Laguna Fencing Center U 1870 1618.65
170 Holmes, Xavier Salle Auriol Seattle U 1868 1611.01
171 Paul, James Capital Fencing Academy E25 1877 1598.31
172 Vu, Mark Bergen Fencing Club E25 1903 1592.25
173 Liebowitz, Carson Manhattan Fencing Center D25 1853 1592.02
174 Wang, James The Fencing Center U 1837 1589.15
175 abada, lucca IndySabre U 1906 1588.52
176 Chen, Kevin Globus Fencing Academy E25 1887 1587.42
177 Stys, Owen RedStar Fencing Club Chicago U 1862 1580.41
178 Kim, Yusung Globus Fencing Academy D25 1847 1575.18
179 LIU, ERIC International Fencing Club U 1846 1572.82
180 Soules-ONo, Makoa Halberstadt Fencers' Club U 1874 1570.46
181 Lu, Simon Lone Star Fencing Center U 1827 1568.29
182 Duff, Michael Globus Fencing Academy U 1821 1565.70
183 Naftali, Ori Midwest Fencing Club D25 1831 1562.01
184 Zhang, Aiden Sigma Fencing Academy E25 1856 1561.36
185 Chan, Troy Rebel Fencing Club U 1822 1560.18
186 Chang, Timothy Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E25 1816 1557.73
187 Losquadro, Joseph Mission Fencing Center E25 1837 1557.00
188 Liao, Sirui Miracle Fencing Club E25 1838 1554.71
189 Narayan, Rishi Manhattan Fencing Center U 1834 1552.47
190 Moon, Noah Fencing Sports Academy, Inc. U 1874 1552.27
191 Chavan, Aditya Unattached U 1798 1542.04
192 Qi, Jeremy West Coast Fencing Academy U 1798 1537.78
193 Mberia, Alexander Northwest Indiana Fencing Club E25 1831 1535.30
194 Brooks, Drake Olympian Fencing Studio U 1789 1528.50
195 Chou, Qianhao Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1806 1526.94
196 Titov, Zachary Stamford Fencing Center, LLC U 1791 1526.93
197 Chi, Everett West Coast Fencing Academy E25 1787 1525.74
198 Sun, Eon West Coast Fencing Academy U 1802 1523.01
199 Pak, Andrew Jacksonville Fencing Club D25 1820 1519.54
200 Shapiro, Simon Dynamo Fencing Center Inc. U 1814 1518.09
201 Kim, Enoch Laguna Fencing Center U 1803 1511.12
202 Kuang, Cyrus Globus Fencing Academy U 1788 1509.34
203 Yphantides, Alexander San Diego Fencing Center U 1833 1497.32
204 Trzepla, Max Durkan Fencing Academy E25 1770 1496.96
205 Zhang, Lucas PDX Fencing E25 1809 1495.41
206 Sierra, Gregory Fence St. Louis E25 1832 1489.97
207 Favo, Christopher Alpha Fencing Academy U 1773 1487.33
208 Fischer, Noel Las Vegas Fencing Academy U 1749 1486.76
209 Kim, Suin West Coast Fencing Academy U 1761 1483.33
210 Liu, Yijin South Bay Fencing Academy D25 1733 1473.58
211 Masaki, Alex Premier Fencing Academy E25 1865 1471.96
212 Lee, Shane Gunn Brooklyn Bridge Fencing Club U 1746 1465.16
213 Brum, Charles West Coast Fencing Academy E24 1751 1464.80
214 Javier, Xavier Nazlymov Fencing Foundation U 1758 1464.30
215 Lyu, Tyler Sigma Fencing Academy E25 1768 1462.32
216 Kane, Kiran Nova Fencing Club U 1810 1460.82
217 Srivatsav, Anay Cardinal Fencing Club E25 1730 1458.58
218 Moulton, Andrew Washington Fencing Academy E25 1846 1455.53
219 Chawla, Abhishek Capital Fencing Academy E25 1747 1450.73
220 Tallarico, Leonardo LA International Fencing U 1933 1444.42
221 Teng, Lucas LA International Fencing E25 1742 1443.31
222 Chan, Ewan Aura Fencing Academy U 1695 1442.37
223 Howarth, Hayes International Fencing Club U 1710 1430.26
224 Irvine, Patrick The Fencing Center C24 1744 1427.87
225 Lin, Ethan Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1732 1424.88
226 Suba, Mason Peter Westbrook Foundation U 1734 1420.65
227 Robinson, Ezra Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1695 1413.99
228 Winterset, Mason South Bay Fencing Academy E25 1700 1413.28
229 Clark, Brandon Renaissance Fencing Club E25 1708 1411.28
230 Burenkov, Matthew Zeta Fencing U 1696 1405.81
231 Zhang, Simon Advance Fencing And Fitness Academy U 1691 1402.89
232 Kamura, Kosei Globus Fencing Academy D25 1683 1397.47
233 Kang, Jayden Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1670 1390.31
234 Yeazel, Colin Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1712 1388.33
235 Kauffman, Davian Salle Du Lion Fencing Center U 1796 1388.15
236 Evans, Alexander Miami Fencing Club U 1836 1387.44
237 Mannino, Miller Sigma Fencing Academy E24 1767 1387.07
238 Ho, Alden Premier Fencing Academy U 1708 1385.63
239 Chen, Aaron LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1642 1385.50
240 Zhang, Caleb Globus Fencing Academy U 1641 1383.41
241 Pi, Edwin Spartak U 1717 1380.02
242 liu, Daniel San Diego Fencing Center E25 1637 1371.00
243 Dayama, Ronak Escrimeur Fencers Club U 1696 1367.04
244 Polsani, Gaurav Nellya Fencers U 1734 1352.84
245 Padanilam, Thomas Nellya Fencers U 1728 1346.77
246 Woster, Matthew Texas Sabre Academy E25 1667 1330.02
247 Lee, Winston Laguna Fencing Center U 1654 1327.43
248 Lee, Damian Zeta Fencing E25 1639 1325.70
249 Smith, Etienne PDX Fencing U 1636 1324.88
250 Gottschalk, Theodore United Fencers of Oakland U 1675 1322.73
251 Kohler, Vaughn Nellya Fencers U 1633 1321.82
252 Brooks, Isaac Capital Fencing Academy U 1600 1311.79
253 Vish, Manyu Delaware Valley Fencers Club-PA U 1599 1299.90
254 Ekambaram, Rithik San Diego Fencing Center U 1572 1299.64
255 Yao, Zachary Sigma Fencing Academy D25 1654 1291.73
256 Kondogi, Saivarun Sabio Fencing Academy E25 1557 1273.52
257 Wang, Xuren Avant Garde Fencers Club, Inc (CA) (AGFC) U 1611 1257.63
258 Nagrani, Jai US Sabre Academy U 1606 1251.69
259 Pipke, Garrett Nova Fencing Club U 1560 1250.55
260 Sun, Stephen Masters Fencing Academy NJ U 1551 1243.46
261 Na, Yuchan Zachary Washington Fencing Academy E24 1610 1243.20
262 Moore, Blaise Forge Fencing Teams DUR U 1641 1214.71
263 Guo, Jonathan South Bay Fencing Academy U 1485 1210.84
264 PADGETTE, BRODY LA International Fencing U 1816 1208.65
265 Yang, Jake LA Fencing Academy of Pomona U 1506 1187.01
266 Valentine, Rhys Salle Auriol Seattle E25 1490 1173.63
267 Young, Navin San Francisco Sabre School U 1580 1172.25
268 Huang, Anthony Bergen Fencing Club U 1533 1166.93
269 Freilich, Harrison Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia - North U 1519 1162.10
270 Tan, Daniel The Fencing Center U 1494 1161.66
271 Houpt, Lucas Scarsdale Fencing Center U 1667 1159.90
272 Kuriyama, Marcus Durkan Fencing Academy U 1660 1138.54
273 Miller, Blake Columbus Fencing And Fitness LLC U 1599 1137.33
274 Leigh, Brayden Olympian Fencing Studio U 1431 1137.15
275 Moore, Greyson Halberstadt Fencers' Club U 1514 1116.32
276 Oren, Daniel Tim Morehouse Fencing Club E24 1402 1085.37
277 Westmoreland-Brown, Cole Sacramento Saber Fencing LLC U 1457 1085.35
278 Liebisch, Milo PDX Fencing U 1429 1082.51
279 Fugate, Logan San Diego Fencing Center U 1426 1046.40
280 Parikh, Saavn Frisco Fencing Academy U 1446 1045.74
281 Zheng, Lucas Allegro Fencing Center U 1521 1039.67
282 Cheung, Evan West Coast Fencing Academy U 1368 1008.33
283 Korzeniowski, Joseph Fencing Academy Of Philadelphia - North U 1795 1005.43
284 Harford, Benjamin Salle Auriol Seattle U 1397 996.22
285 Ward, Carter Phoenix Fencing Academy D25 1291 930.26
286 Ravoor, Suvir Renaissance Fencing Club U 1337 925.85
287 Sochnikov, Jacob Zeta Fencing U 1357 923.18
288 Santiago, Roman U 1382 918.54
289 Menzies, Liam Zeta Fencing U 1300 899.84
290 Orlino, Samuel Premier Fencing Academy U 1315 866.56
291 Bradic, Andreja Spartak U 1199 853.01
292 Kim, Derek South Bay Fencing Academy U 1196 817.89
293 Herrera, Stefano Premier Fencing Academy U 1181 761.02
294 Seth, Khalen Midwest Fencing Club U 1324 717.17
295 DeGuzman, Holden Bergen Fencing Club U 1336 713.95
296 Shen, Hudson West Coast Fencing Academy U 1269 703.41
297 Wu, Garrick Premier Fencing Academy U 1204 675.89
298 Chidambaram, Nivedh Sabio Fencing Academy U 1034 656.71
299 Nguyen, Ethan West Coast Fencing Academy U 1050 625.76
300 Kim, Connor Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1036 574.03
301 Singh, Swaran Phoenix Fencing Academy U 1076 485.35
302 Zhang, Leaf Shoreline Fencers Club U 1224 479.41
303 Bhadlikar, Shaunak Globus Fencing Academy U 1193 460.87
304 Kang, Nathan Lone Star Fencing Center U 942 460.21
305 Heimov, Brennan Capital Fencing Academy U 1018 417.26
306 Huang, Jasper Fencing Academy Of Denver U 1318 392.48
307 Patel, Kiran Master Sabre Fencing Academy U 899 200.23
308 Pei, Kennedy Unattached U 698 < 0
309 Vu, Luke Bergen Fencing Club U 693 < 0

Rank is based on the conservative estimate, `mu - 3*sigma`, rather than raw strength alone. Newer or less-certain fencers can still appear lower than someone with a similar average but tighter confidence.